Authors:

Feredoes, E., ASSEM, M., Bassil, Y., Bergmann, T.O., Beynel, L., Burke, M., Cash, R.F.H., Comeau, R.M., CORREIA, M., Genc, E., Hartswigsen, G., JACKSON, J., Kienle, M., Kunz, P., Leticevscaia, O., Luber, B., Lueckel, M., Mathiesen, C., Michael, E., Numssen, O., Oathes, D.J., Rosen, A.C., Schuhmann, T., Schuler, A-L., Scrivener, C.L., Thielscher, A., Todorov, Y., Vasileiadi, M., Windischberger, C., Hermiller, M., and Sack, A.T.

Reference:

Year of publication:

In Press

CBU number:

9145

Abstract:

Concurrent TMS-fMRI provides a step-change in the toolkit of neuroscience research. TMS enables the non-invasive perturbation of ongoing human brain activity and, coupled to fMRI for the simultaneous read-out of its effects across the brain, concurrent TMS-fMRI permits studies aiming at the causal inference of human brain-behaviour relationships, with implications for both fundamental research and clinical application. Many of the technical barriers to TMS-fMRI implementation, such as hardware design and setups, have now been solved and the clinical research community in the field is rapidly growing. Here, we discuss the results of an international consensus, from researchers at all levels and across the fields of cognitive and applied human neuroscience, on the experimental design and practical considerations of concurrent TMS-fMRI via 12 detailed use cases. These guidelines may facilitate the uptake of this approach and simplify the experimental design and planning stages.