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The Work Engagement and Well-Being Study (SWELL): A randomised controlled feasability trial evaluating the effects of mindfulness versus light physical exercise at work
Authors:
VAINRE, M., DALGLEISH, T., WATSON, P., Haag, C., Dercon, Q., Galante, J., Hitchcock, C.
Reference:
BMJ Mental Health, 27(1):e300885
Year of publication:
2024
CBU number:
8968
Abstract:
Background
Mindfulness-based programmes (MBPs) are increasingly offered at work, often in online self-
guided format. However, the evidence on MBPs’ effect on work performance (WP) is
inconsistent.
Objective
This pragmatic randomised controlled feasibility trial assessed procedural uncertainties,
intervention acceptability and preliminary effect sizes of a MBP on WP, relative to an
alternative intervention.
Methods
241 employees from 8 employers were randomised (1:1) to complete a four-week, self-
guided, online MBP or a light physical exercise programme (active control). Feasibility and
acceptability measures were of primary interest. WP at post-intervention (PostInt) was the
primary outcome for preliminary assessment of effect sizes. Secondary outcomes assessed
mental health (MH) and cognitive processes hypothesised to be targeted by the MBP.
Outcomes were collected at baseline, PostInt, and 12-week follow-up (12wFUP). Prospective
trial protocol: NCT04631302.
Findings
87% of randomised participants started the course. Courses had high acceptability. Retention
rates were typical for online trials (64% PostInt; 30% 12wFUP). MBP, compared to the control,
offered negligible benefits for WP (PostInt (d=0.06, 95% CI -0.19-0.32);12wFUP (d=0.02, 95%
CI -0.30-0.26)). Both interventions improved MH outcomes (ds=-0.40-0.58, 95% CIs -0.32-
0.18); between-group differences were small (ds=-0.09-0.04, 95% CIs -0.15-0.17).
Conclusion
The trial is feasible; interventions are acceptable. Results provide little support for a later-
phase trial comparing an MBP to a light exercise control. To inform future trials, we
summarise procedural challenges.
Clinical implications
Results suggest MBPs are unlikely to improve WP relative to light physical exercise. Although
the MBP improved MH, other active interventions may be just as efficacious
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