Authors:

Varga, D.K., RAYKOV, P.P., Jefferies, E., Ben-Yakov, A., Bird, C.M.

Reference:

Year of publication:

2025

CBU number:

9176

Abstract:

Prediction errors drive learning by signalling mismatches between expectations and reality, but the neural systems supporting these computations remain debated. The hippocampus is implicated in mismatch detection, yet it is not known whether it signals mismatches with episodic memories or generalised knowledge. Across three fMRI experiments, we show that the hippocampus selectively responds to mismatches with episodic memories of specific events. In contrast, schematic mismatches engage Semantic Control and Multiple Demand Networks, as well as subcortical regions linked to prediction error signalling. Episodic mismatches also recruit the Default Mode Network. These findings challenge accounts that propose the hippocampus is a domain-general mismatch detector. Instead, the findings support a more specialised role for the hippocampus in learning that is underpinned by its well-established importance in processing episodic memories. https://osf.io/p6z2g

Data for this project is available at: https://osf.io/p6z2g